A Psychological Interpretation the Irony of Holden...

The Catcher in the Rye, a novel written by J. D. Salinger is a story about a unique yet troubled boy named Holden Caulfield. Salinger masterfully depicts the story’s protagonist as a well rounded character who feels the full range of emotions. Holden is consumed by the desire to live in a world where he can play the hero and surround himself with love and acceptance. Holden’s need for love and belonging, however, creates an irony because it provokes an intense aversion to society that pushes Holden further away from achieving a sense of belonging. While in several ways Holden epitomizes the average teenager, he is also exceptionally unique and shows maturity beyond his years. According to Granville Hicks, Salinger depicts a character†¦show more content†¦An individual on the third level--the need for love and belonging--seeks to overcome loneliness, give love, and receive love in a stable way (47). For example, instead of staying at Pencey until Wednesday, lik e Holden is supposed to, he attempts to go to New York and escape the loneliness that Pencey brings him. His decision to leave is set off by his argument with Ackley, a boy in the dorm next-door. â€Å"I just didn’t want to hang around anymore,† says Holden, â€Å"it made me too sad and lonesome† (Salinger 51). Maybe Holden believes that he’ll be able to find a sense of belonging in New York. Carl Strauch infers that Holden’s inability to relate to others and constant rejection drive him to humiliation (506). Since Holden feels Pencey is the source of these painful emotions, it is not surprising that he seeks to reinvent himself somewhere else so that he may have a chance at having a sense of belongingness. Similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Alfred Adler had a theory called the style of life that can be used along with his other theories to assess an individual’s internal conflict. On the authority of Joanne Irving, Adler’ s theory of the style of life, formerly called the life plan, comprises the fundamentals of Adlerian psychology. It states that every individual must establish a set of goals with which they can apply their creative self in hopes of succeeding (82). These goals however, can be hindered by many aspects of

Why Did Charles I Lose the Civil War Free Essays

Why did Charles I lose the Civil War? The English Civil War was 1642-1651 and was a series of battles and political conspiracies between Oliver Cromwell, the leader of Parliament and King Charles I the leader of the Royalists. The civil war set the supporters of King Charles I against the followers of Parliament, this resulted in the Parliament’s victory and the King’s execution. Cromwell’s army was lead by Sir Thomas Fairfax who was one of the outstanding military commanders of the English Civil War. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Charles I Lose the Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fairfax is best remembered as the man who commanded the New Model Army at the Battle of Naseby in June 1645. Whereas, Charles’ army was lead by Prince Rupert who was the foremost Royalist military commander in the English Civil War. Prince Rupert was very much a cavalry soldier and the Royalists may have lost the war a lot sooner had it not been for his military ability. Both Parliament and the Royalists had armies with little or no military experience, although Fairfax and Prince Rupert could be classed as professional soldiers. Until Parliament brought in a new creation called the New Model Army which was a military unit that was used to transform the English Civil War and was based on a person’s ability rather than their position within society, It was also better trained and well armed, making them more formidable. The first proper use of this army was at the battle of Naseby. This was Parliaments’ turning point and after that King Charles was never able to raise an army strong enough to win. Some historians believe that this was the main reason for Parliament winning the civil war. It could be argued, however that one of the other reasons cited for Charles losing the war was the lack of money. This was because the nobles and landowners who had sided with him didn’t have any money to give him. With the support of wealthy merchants and traders, the parliamentarians had steady flow of money. Something Charles lacked and because of the lack of money, the King couldn’t buy new men and supplies for his army; therefore the army was smaller and less equipped. One of the biggest mistakes that Charles made was leaving London at the beginning of the civil war. Consequently, Parliament took control and Charles was not able to gain power again, although he tried. This was a big setback as it is hard to rule the country without controlling its’ capital. Ultimately, the Royalist forces were extinguished, they had run out of money, they had lost control of the capital and their barely trained, small army meant that they had lost the upper hand that they were dealt many times. Parliament however, was a stronger force and Parliament’s control of the seas and richer areas of England, as well as their creation of a powerful, trained and disciplined New Model Army, meant that they had more power in the end. By Yasmin Rose 8z How to cite Why Did Charles I Lose the Civil War, Papers

Legal studies syllabus free essay sample

The syllabus focuses on the way in which law is generated, how it is structured and how it operates in Australian and international contexts. Learning about our legal system will allow students to investigate the way our society operates and the influences that shape it. Students will develop an understanding of the implications that legal decisions can have for Australian society and the ways in which the legal system can affect the lives of Australian citizens. A critical understanding of the processes of reform and change will help students to contribute to making our society more equitable for all. The Legal Studies Stage 6 course offers excellent preparation for life through a study of the legal system, its principles, structures, institutions and processes. The course fosters respect for cultural diversity. It allows students to question and evaluate legal institutional structures in the domestic and international environments and to undertake a comparative analysis of other political and institutional structures. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal studies syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Legal Studies enables students to have confidence in approaching and accessing the legal system and provides them with a better appreciation of the relationship between social and legal structures. The course will assist in the development of students’ knowledge of their basic legal rights and responsibilities in a broad selection of contexts which appeal to their interests. Legal Studies is situated in the key learning area (KLA) of Human Society and Its Environment (HSIE). The skills developed in the HSIE KLA empower students to become critical learners and thinkers. The Legal Studies Stage 6 course also provides learning that prepares students for further education and training, employment and full and active participation as citizens in Australia and in the global society. Students gain the skills of critical analysis, independent research, collaboration, and effective communication. 6 Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus 3 Employability skills statement Legal Studies provides a context for the development of higher-order thinking skills necessary for further education, work and everyday life, and a range of other employability skills. Employability skills are embedded in the Legal Studies syllabus to enhance student learning. The employability skills of planning and organising, learning and communication are explicit in the objectives, outcomes and content of the Preliminary and HSC courses. The development of these skills results from the nature of Legal Studies and the investigation and analysis of legal issues. The employability skill of self-management is explicit in the outcomes for the HSC course. Students will also work towards other employability skills throughout the Legal Studies Stage 6 course. During investigations they will need to use appropriate information technologies and so develop the appropriate employability skills in technology. The Law in Practice unit in the Preliminary course supports students to demonstrate initiative and enterprise as they investigate areas of the law in which they have an interest. Finally, as students investigate and propose solutions to legal problems, they develop problem-solving skills. 4 Aim Legal Studies develops students’ knowledge, understanding and critical thinking skills in relation to the legal system and its effectiveness in promoting a just and fair society, with a view to empowering students to participate effectively as responsible citizens at the local, national and international level. 5 Objectives Through Legal Studies, students will develop: knowledge and understanding about: †¢ the nature and institutions of domestic and international law †¢ the operation of Australian and international legal systems and the significance of the rule of law †¢ the interrelationship between law, justice and society and the changing nature of the law skills in: †¢ investigating, analysing and communicating relevant legal information and issues interest in, and informed and responsible values and attitudes in regard to: †¢ legal functions, practices and institutions. 7 Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus 5. 1 Objectives and outcomes Objectives A student develops knowledge and understanding about: Preliminary course outcomes HSC course outcomes A student: A student: P1. identifies and applies legal concepts and terminology H1. identifies and applies legal concepts and terminology P2. describes the key features of Australian and international law H2. describes and explains key features of and the relationship between Australian and international law 2. the operation of Australian and international legal systems and the significance of the rule of law P3. describes the operation of domestic and international legal systems H3. analyses the operation of domestic and international legal systems P4. discusses the effectiveness of the legal system in addressingissues H4. evaluates the effectiveness of the legal system in addressing issues 3. the interrelationship between law, justice and society and the changing nature of the law. P5. describes the role of law in encouraging cooperation and resolving conflict, as well as initiating and responding to change H5. explains the role of law in encouraging cooperation and resolving conflict, as well as initiating and responding to change P6. explains the nature of the interrelationship between the legal system and society H6. assesses the nature of the interrelationship between the legal system and society P7. evaluates the effectiveness ofthe law in achieving justice H7. evaluates the effectiveness of the law in achieving justice P8. locates, selects and organises legal information from a variety of sources including legislation, cases, media, international instruments and documents H8. locates, selects, organises, synthesises and analyses legal information from a variety of sources including legislation, cases, media, international instruments and documents P9. communicates legal information using wellstructured responses H9. communicates legal information using well-structured and logical arguments P10. accounts for differing perspectives and interpretationsof legal information and issues H10. analyses differing perspectives and interpretatio ns of legal information and issues. 1. the nature and institutions of domestic and international law A student develops skills in: 4. investigating, analysing and communicating relevant legal information and issues. Outcomes are applicable to all topics. Some may be more relevant to a particular topic than others. Outcomes may be examined. 8 Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus 6 The structure of Legal Studies Preliminary Core Part I: The legal system HSC Core Part I: Crime †¢ Basic legal concepts Core 40% †¢ The nature of crime †¢ Sources of contemporary Australian law †¢ The criminal investigation process †¢ The criminal trial process †¢ Classification of law †¢ Sentencing and punishment †¢ Law reform †¢ Young offenders †¢ Law reform in action Core Part II: The individual and the law †¢ International crime Core Part II: Human rights †¢ Your rights and responsibilities †¢ The nature and development of human rights †¢ Resolving disputes †¢ Promoting and enforcing human rights †¢ Contemporary issue: the individual and technology Core 30% †¢ Contemporary issue Core Part III: Law in practice Core 30% Core 30% Part III: Options The Law in practice unit is designed to provide opportunities for students

Introduction and Learning Objectives of Accounting free essay sample

Completing the Balance Sheet Student Handout Contents: 1. Learning Objectives 2. Tutorial Questions 3. Lecture Materials Lecturer: Dry Victoria Clout Website: http://tell. Nuns. Du. AU Introduction and Learning Objectives In this week we are turning our attention towards the remaining major component of the balance sheet owners equity. Like liabilities, owners equity represents another form of financing for a business. At first glance, liabilities (capital provided by redirectors) and owners equity (capital provided by owners or shareholders) may look very different. As we delve deeper into the topic, however, you will appreciate that debt and equity are at either end of a continuum of financial instruments and that sometimes, financial instruments exhibit both debt- and equity-like qualities. Further, you will note that some financing arrangements do not appear in the balance sheet at all! In our discussion of equity financing, we discuss the option of using equity as a source for resources (assets) of the corporation. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction and Learning Objectives of Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shareholders are a key source of initial finance for a company. While traditionally regarded as the owners of a companys assets, more recent thought suggests that the shareholder exchanges their investment in a company for a right to the residual cash flows of the firm (dividends). At the end of this topic, you should be able to: LOL . Describe the components of owners equity ALL.

The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece Essay Example

The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece Essay Example The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece Essay The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece Essay The relative and absolute importance of tourism in peoples expenditure budgets has risen dramatically, with consequences not only for the welfare of tourists themselves but also for the residents of the areas they visit. The large numbers of tourists and the scale of their expenditures has considerable effects on the income, employment, government revenue, balance of payments, environments and culture of destination areas. A fall in demand can bring about decreases in living standards and rises in unemployment, while increased demand can result in higher employment, income, output and/or inflation and may threaten environmental quality and sustainability (Sinclair M, Stabler M, 2002). Even though the demand for tourism in a very important sector in tourism economics, no so much attention were given to explore this area and to conduct a throughout research on it. This paper reviews and analyzes key factors that affect the demand for tourism in Greece from both positive and negative prospective. Investigating the demand for tourism is the background for the successful strategy planning in companies with tourism-related activities whereas better knowledge of demand in tourism can also be of assistance to policymakers in planning strategies for this industry. The demand of tourism can be determined either by the number of tourists coming from their countries to a destination country or by their expenditures in the destination country. It is difficult to model tourism demand because tourism involves a broad range of activities. According to OHagan and Harrison (1984) tourism demand has a special nature for a number of reasons. First of all it is a demand for a number of goods and services, and no production sector tourism actually exists, which cases doubt for some on the existence of tourism as a concrete economic entity (OHagan, J.W. Harrison, M.J., 1984). Secondly, the demand for tourism can be of two types: tourism as private consumption or as part of production (business trips). In most cases personal and pleasure travel used to be a dominant, however, business travelers usually consume services similar to those who travel for personal reasons. And finally, tourism goods and services are not transported to their users, but rather the consumers are transported to the goods and services (OHagan, J and Harrison M.,1984). As a result of this tourism flows become more sensitive to a number non-economic factors such as political stability, transportation costs and facilities, technological forces, socio-cultural issues, etc. in a country of destination. The determinants of tourism demand were investigated in a number of studies and several researchers suggest that the demand for tourism is primarily determined by income of the purchaser, prices of commodities (accommodations, food, local transportation, amusement) in a destination country compared with other destination, exchange rate, the cost of international travel (Sinclair M., Stabler M., 2002; Garin-Munoz T., Amaral T., 2000; Walsh M.,1996). Also the demand for travel can be positively affected either by random events such as Olympic Games, for instance, that attract extra tourists, or can be influenced negatively by major external factors like, for example, terrorism, SARS, or political instability within the country. The latest factors resulted in tourist arrivals drop worldwide during the last two years, aroused travelers fears for safety and made tourists avoid air transportation. According to the World Tourism Organization Greece held the 16th place internationally on the list of tourist destinations in 2002, while 90% of arrivals were from Europe, which is considered to be Greeces primary tourist market. According to Economist Intelligence Unit statistics the total number of arrivals in 2002 was closer to 12,7 mln tourists. Tourism represents about 10% of the domestic income of Greece (2003). Two-thirds of tourists are from the European Union (around 9 million), the majority of whom come from the U.K., Germany, Italy, France and Austria. Tourists from outside EU mainly are coming from the USA, Japan, Canada, Australia (WTO, 2003). The approach of the Athens 2004 Olympics has brought increased optimism regarding the future of the Greek tourism industry. It is estimated that approximately 145,000 visitors per day will visit the Games and be accommodated in hotels, cruise ships, campsites and residential houses. Apart from the fact that in the immediate future, tourists will probably be attracted to potentially safer destinations, the staging of the Olympic Games will have a determining effect on the future image of Greece and its potential in tourism. Income and price factors play an important role in determining the demand for international tourism. Growth in real income provides consumers with increased spending power. The larger the countrys purchasing power the more likely its citizens can afford to purchase a good or service from abroad (Walsh M., 1996). According to Garin-Minoz and Amaral the level of income in the country of origin is measured by the Gross National Product GNP (2000). Walsh Mary (1996) analyzed different studies regarding the relationship between income and tourism demand. The income variable is represented differently, however, in her studies she suggested to use data representing discretionary income per capita, i.e. personal disposable income per capita in each country. After having the GNP of other countries expressed in US dollars, we divide them by the population of each country and obtain their values in per capita terms. As was mentioned before, main countries that are generating tourism flows for Greece are Germany, Austria, Great Britain, USA, Italy and France. Real income growth in those countries can be assumed to relate positively to real per capita demand for Greek tourism. Another important variable here is the price of tourist services in Greece compared to relative prices in other Mediterranean destinations. The tourism sector meets an increasing competition in the face of other Mediterranean destinations like Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco, as well as Spain and Portugal. Meanwhile the newly developed destinations like Slovenia, Croatia and Bulgaria also registered the increase of tourists compared with the previous years. This factor can affect the demand for tourism in Greece in terms of decreasing the number of international visitors who would choose the comparable sun and sea holidays at cheaper prices. At the same time, the increase in domestic prices, especially after euro was introduced in Greece, may also influence negatively the tourism demand. People are usually concerned about the price for good or service in terms of their own countrys currency. That price depends not only on the price of the good in the origin country but also on exchange rate. However, the exchange rate can influence the price of goods or services. Compared to last year euro had increased its exchange rate towards almost all major currencies. For travelers outside it becomes more expensive to visit tourist destinations that are in euro area. At the same time citizens of euro zone are stimulated to travel to European destinations outside it. Greece is isolated geographically from other European Union countries (where the majority if tourists comes from), therefore, the most popular transportation is airplane. The cost of transportation is one of the components of the final price the consumers have to pay for the tourism product. An increase in transportation costs can result in decline of demand, all other things being equal (Garin-Munoz T., Amaral T., 2000). The high transportation costs can be the decisive variable in choosing whether to visit country or not and even may lead to substitution of a near or far destination. Another factor that can influence demand is also the choice between domestic and foreign holidays which also comes up from the cost of transportation. In the past two years international tourism has, first and foremost, been reigned by the combination of an overall weak economy and a high level on uncertainty because of the struggle against terrorism and the looming Iraq conflict (WTO, 2003). The Iraq conflict and terrorist attacks caused and probably will continue to influence negatively a demand of air transportation, interregional travel and travel to destinations that are geographically close to the zone of conflict. The emergence of SARS also deceased the demand for tourism worldwide. Despite these events, Greece still managed a slight increase in total 2001-2002 traffic (GNTO Newsletter, 2003). Nevertheless, it is expected that demand for travel and tourism will continue to grow and Greece will continue to be a preferred tourist destination because of its safe, crime-free and tourist friendly environment. The distinctive feature of Greek tourism is that it has a seasonal attribute. Greek tourism had been based for more than five decades on the product of sea and sun and the majority of tourists arrive to Greece between mid-June and mid-September respectfully. Therefore, during the wintertime the demand for tourism significantly decreases. Official policy is to try to diversify to spread arrivals throughout the year by developing conference tourism, yachting, golf, skiing in the mountainous area, spa and medical tourism. Walsh in her studies also mentions such factors as weather and habit/presence (1996). The weather is unlikely factor for Greece, nevertheless the bad weather during vacations can influence negatively ones decision to come to Greece again next year. As for the habit the possibility occurs that once people visited Greece and liked it there can be a tendency that this visit will be repeated. Also a person can recommend to visit this country to people who dont have any first-hand knowledge about a particular resort in Greece. This paper analyzed the main determinants of demand in tourism in the case of Greece and showed that income, price, exchange rate, transportation costs and geopolitical factors can affect the demand for tourism in this country. However, the further econometric analysis in needed to investigate in details the above-mentioned variables and to evaluate more precisely the demand for tourism in Greece. Despite some negative influences of the above-mentioned factors tourism will continue to be the most dynamic sector of Greeces economy contributing most to its gross national product and economic growth since prospects of Greeces tourist industry are highly promising.

The Best Career Tips No One Told You

The Best Career Tips No One Told You Career advice is common and usually welcome, but some bits of career advice are  seldom mentioned, even though they can help you make large professional strides. Just getting a job and plugging away at it can sometimes get you a promotion, but being proactive can get you there faster. Learning the best career tips can help build your standing and personal growth to become more successful in whatever career you choose. Do What You LoveExamine what your talents are and where your interests lie. That may be a good indicator of what direction you should go when going into a career. Does helping people give you that warm, fuzzy feeling? In that case, maybe you should look into healthcare jobs where you can spend your days helping others. Do you love mathematics and excel  at calculations? Maybe accounting or bookkeeping would be a good career move for you. Whatever your interests, you may be happiest doing what you love.Keep LearningKeeping on top of your profession is what makes your career rewarding. Taking a class, learning a new computer program, or earning a certificate in your field can make you feel as though you’re growing in your career and building toward the future. Learning new things keeps you ahead of the rest and helps if you want to change jobs or want a promotion.Find a MentorNo matter what your job, there is always someone who has been around longer and has much more experience. Observe that individual to see how he or she handles tasks and responsibilities, and then and learn to emulate the best techniques. Someone else’s  proven method can help you learn and grow.Set Goals to Achieve MoreAsk yourself where you want to be in the short-term and in the long term, and set reasonable goals to reach these landmarks. Do you need more training to go into a job you want eventually? Take the time to get that training. Are there responsibilities you don’t have that would benefit you in the future? Ask for more responsibilities at work. Learning other types of jobs can round out your experience and make you more marketable. Setting goals can get you there more quickly.Put in the TimeGo-getters know that working strictly during office hours and being the first one to leave for lunch or in the evening will not get you promoted. Put in extra effort to get the job done, even if it means missing a lunch break or working a little later. It won’t go unnoticed by your boss, and you may end up being assigned more responsibility because of it. This extra duty can lead to a pay raise or promotion.Keep Your Eye on Your GoalsMost people don’t start off in the perfect job. However, by finding a job that will help you get the skills and experience you need to move up on the ladder, you can work your way toward that perfect job. All it takes is perseverance and know-how.It is up to you to reach where you want to be in your career. With hard work and determination, you can reach that job of your dreams. TheJobNe twork helps you in your job search 24 hours per day. After you fill out your qualifications and job interests, we send you emails when jobs matching that description come up. In this way, you won’t miss any opportunities to get a great job doing what you love the most. If you want to, you can also search the job listings yourself, so you know you are being proactive in your search. Sign up for job match alert to start on the path to a new career.

Service-dominant logic and customer satisfaction Term Paper

Service-dominant logic and customer satisfaction - Term Paper Example On the other hand, creation of value actualization is a vital role taken by the customers, and this may require contacting suppliers through their own individual ways. Nevertheless, numerous dimensions can be applied to approach through which new logic and value; in fact, there are critical issues rose relating to services-dominant (Achrol & Kotler, 2006, 320). Client expectations concerning value and satisfaction are based on three-concept quality with core factors for differentiating them. However, the disparities among these concepts are vague and overlapping (Bebko, 2000, 26). Expectations held by customers regard the quality of services and products encountered, which is similar to the expectations held about the entire firm, which offered the service. Moreover, there are situations that regard the expectations of individual services experienced by customers. This increase chances for them to be specific and concrete; for instance, time consumed while waiting for a receptionist, which is more of to their expectations than the entire quality of the services offered by the company. 1. Analyse and respond to the explicit expectations and implicit expectations of core clients at the start of the project front-end. Client’s expectations refer to the beliefs concerning delivery of services, which considered the standards and reference point for evaluating the performance. Customers are fond of making comparison of their perceptions concerning performance of the firms, which is evaluated through references of the point’s evaluation such as the level of quality, knowledge and their expectations (Gummesson, 2006, 239). In fact, identification of clients’ expectations is vital to the marketers and the entire company due to their critical aspect of seeking to deliver good quality service to them. On the other hand, lack of understanding of the customer services can result to a loss of customer’s business, while the competitors are gaining market share (Porter, 1985, 30). Explicit expectations of the core clients at the start of the project are based on the promises made through personal and non-personal statements concerning the services made by the company to the customer (Graf & Maas, 2008, 20). In this case, personal statements require communication through salespeople, services, or repair personnel. However, this promises become non-personal in situation when they are acquired through advertisements, brochures and other publications (Hubbert, Sehorn & Brown, 1995, 21). Therefore, logic is established through promises made concerning the exact quality of services that will be delivered in a way that manages client expectations. In this case, this guarantees that the promises made will meet the expectation of the client concerning a certain service. There are company representative, who are over-promising due to lack of knowledge regarding the necessary promise that can be made. However, confusion is caused by fail ing to consider that services are customized; thus, this lead to lack of ease in definition and repetition. In other instances, company representatives lack the knowledge concerning the nature of the final form of the service that will be delivered. Explicit services have a substantial influence on customers’ expectations based on the desires of the services and their speculations. In fact, this is due to the way these services alter customer’s desires in general based on their prediction concerning the experience