A Psychological Interpretation the Irony of Holden...

The Catcher in the Rye, a novel written by J. D. Salinger is a story about a unique yet troubled boy named Holden Caulfield. Salinger masterfully depicts the story’s protagonist as a well rounded character who feels the full range of emotions. Holden is consumed by the desire to live in a world where he can play the hero and surround himself with love and acceptance. Holden’s need for love and belonging, however, creates an irony because it provokes an intense aversion to society that pushes Holden further away from achieving a sense of belonging. While in several ways Holden epitomizes the average teenager, he is also exceptionally unique and shows maturity beyond his years. According to Granville Hicks, Salinger depicts a character†¦show more content†¦An individual on the third level--the need for love and belonging--seeks to overcome loneliness, give love, and receive love in a stable way (47). For example, instead of staying at Pencey until Wednesday, lik e Holden is supposed to, he attempts to go to New York and escape the loneliness that Pencey brings him. His decision to leave is set off by his argument with Ackley, a boy in the dorm next-door. â€Å"I just didn’t want to hang around anymore,† says Holden, â€Å"it made me too sad and lonesome† (Salinger 51). Maybe Holden believes that he’ll be able to find a sense of belonging in New York. Carl Strauch infers that Holden’s inability to relate to others and constant rejection drive him to humiliation (506). Since Holden feels Pencey is the source of these painful emotions, it is not surprising that he seeks to reinvent himself somewhere else so that he may have a chance at having a sense of belongingness. Similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Alfred Adler had a theory called the style of life that can be used along with his other theories to assess an individual’s internal conflict. On the authority of Joanne Irving, Adler’ s theory of the style of life, formerly called the life plan, comprises the fundamentals of Adlerian psychology. It states that every individual must establish a set of goals with which they can apply their creative self in hopes of succeeding (82). These goals however, can be hindered by many aspects of

Why Did Charles I Lose the Civil War Free Essays

Why did Charles I lose the Civil War? The English Civil War was 1642-1651 and was a series of battles and political conspiracies between Oliver Cromwell, the leader of Parliament and King Charles I the leader of the Royalists. The civil war set the supporters of King Charles I against the followers of Parliament, this resulted in the Parliament’s victory and the King’s execution. Cromwell’s army was lead by Sir Thomas Fairfax who was one of the outstanding military commanders of the English Civil War. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Charles I Lose the Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fairfax is best remembered as the man who commanded the New Model Army at the Battle of Naseby in June 1645. Whereas, Charles’ army was lead by Prince Rupert who was the foremost Royalist military commander in the English Civil War. Prince Rupert was very much a cavalry soldier and the Royalists may have lost the war a lot sooner had it not been for his military ability. Both Parliament and the Royalists had armies with little or no military experience, although Fairfax and Prince Rupert could be classed as professional soldiers. Until Parliament brought in a new creation called the New Model Army which was a military unit that was used to transform the English Civil War and was based on a person’s ability rather than their position within society, It was also better trained and well armed, making them more formidable. The first proper use of this army was at the battle of Naseby. This was Parliaments’ turning point and after that King Charles was never able to raise an army strong enough to win. Some historians believe that this was the main reason for Parliament winning the civil war. It could be argued, however that one of the other reasons cited for Charles losing the war was the lack of money. This was because the nobles and landowners who had sided with him didn’t have any money to give him. With the support of wealthy merchants and traders, the parliamentarians had steady flow of money. Something Charles lacked and because of the lack of money, the King couldn’t buy new men and supplies for his army; therefore the army was smaller and less equipped. One of the biggest mistakes that Charles made was leaving London at the beginning of the civil war. Consequently, Parliament took control and Charles was not able to gain power again, although he tried. This was a big setback as it is hard to rule the country without controlling its’ capital. Ultimately, the Royalist forces were extinguished, they had run out of money, they had lost control of the capital and their barely trained, small army meant that they had lost the upper hand that they were dealt many times. Parliament however, was a stronger force and Parliament’s control of the seas and richer areas of England, as well as their creation of a powerful, trained and disciplined New Model Army, meant that they had more power in the end. By Yasmin Rose 8z How to cite Why Did Charles I Lose the Civil War, Papers

Legal studies syllabus free essay sample

The syllabus focuses on the way in which law is generated, how it is structured and how it operates in Australian and international contexts. Learning about our legal system will allow students to investigate the way our society operates and the influences that shape it. Students will develop an understanding of the implications that legal decisions can have for Australian society and the ways in which the legal system can affect the lives of Australian citizens. A critical understanding of the processes of reform and change will help students to contribute to making our society more equitable for all. The Legal Studies Stage 6 course offers excellent preparation for life through a study of the legal system, its principles, structures, institutions and processes. The course fosters respect for cultural diversity. It allows students to question and evaluate legal institutional structures in the domestic and international environments and to undertake a comparative analysis of other political and institutional structures. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal studies syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Legal Studies enables students to have confidence in approaching and accessing the legal system and provides them with a better appreciation of the relationship between social and legal structures. The course will assist in the development of students’ knowledge of their basic legal rights and responsibilities in a broad selection of contexts which appeal to their interests. Legal Studies is situated in the key learning area (KLA) of Human Society and Its Environment (HSIE). The skills developed in the HSIE KLA empower students to become critical learners and thinkers. The Legal Studies Stage 6 course also provides learning that prepares students for further education and training, employment and full and active participation as citizens in Australia and in the global society. Students gain the skills of critical analysis, independent research, collaboration, and effective communication. 6 Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus 3 Employability skills statement Legal Studies provides a context for the development of higher-order thinking skills necessary for further education, work and everyday life, and a range of other employability skills. Employability skills are embedded in the Legal Studies syllabus to enhance student learning. The employability skills of planning and organising, learning and communication are explicit in the objectives, outcomes and content of the Preliminary and HSC courses. The development of these skills results from the nature of Legal Studies and the investigation and analysis of legal issues. The employability skill of self-management is explicit in the outcomes for the HSC course. Students will also work towards other employability skills throughout the Legal Studies Stage 6 course. During investigations they will need to use appropriate information technologies and so develop the appropriate employability skills in technology. The Law in Practice unit in the Preliminary course supports students to demonstrate initiative and enterprise as they investigate areas of the law in which they have an interest. Finally, as students investigate and propose solutions to legal problems, they develop problem-solving skills. 4 Aim Legal Studies develops students’ knowledge, understanding and critical thinking skills in relation to the legal system and its effectiveness in promoting a just and fair society, with a view to empowering students to participate effectively as responsible citizens at the local, national and international level. 5 Objectives Through Legal Studies, students will develop: knowledge and understanding about: †¢ the nature and institutions of domestic and international law †¢ the operation of Australian and international legal systems and the significance of the rule of law †¢ the interrelationship between law, justice and society and the changing nature of the law skills in: †¢ investigating, analysing and communicating relevant legal information and issues interest in, and informed and responsible values and attitudes in regard to: †¢ legal functions, practices and institutions. 7 Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus 5. 1 Objectives and outcomes Objectives A student develops knowledge and understanding about: Preliminary course outcomes HSC course outcomes A student: A student: P1. identifies and applies legal concepts and terminology H1. identifies and applies legal concepts and terminology P2. describes the key features of Australian and international law H2. describes and explains key features of and the relationship between Australian and international law 2. the operation of Australian and international legal systems and the significance of the rule of law P3. describes the operation of domestic and international legal systems H3. analyses the operation of domestic and international legal systems P4. discusses the effectiveness of the legal system in addressingissues H4. evaluates the effectiveness of the legal system in addressing issues 3. the interrelationship between law, justice and society and the changing nature of the law. P5. describes the role of law in encouraging cooperation and resolving conflict, as well as initiating and responding to change H5. explains the role of law in encouraging cooperation and resolving conflict, as well as initiating and responding to change P6. explains the nature of the interrelationship between the legal system and society H6. assesses the nature of the interrelationship between the legal system and society P7. evaluates the effectiveness ofthe law in achieving justice H7. evaluates the effectiveness of the law in achieving justice P8. locates, selects and organises legal information from a variety of sources including legislation, cases, media, international instruments and documents H8. locates, selects, organises, synthesises and analyses legal information from a variety of sources including legislation, cases, media, international instruments and documents P9. communicates legal information using wellstructured responses H9. communicates legal information using well-structured and logical arguments P10. accounts for differing perspectives and interpretationsof legal information and issues H10. analyses differing perspectives and interpretatio ns of legal information and issues. 1. the nature and institutions of domestic and international law A student develops skills in: 4. investigating, analysing and communicating relevant legal information and issues. Outcomes are applicable to all topics. Some may be more relevant to a particular topic than others. Outcomes may be examined. 8 Legal Studies Stage 6 Syllabus 6 The structure of Legal Studies Preliminary Core Part I: The legal system HSC Core Part I: Crime †¢ Basic legal concepts Core 40% †¢ The nature of crime †¢ Sources of contemporary Australian law †¢ The criminal investigation process †¢ The criminal trial process †¢ Classification of law †¢ Sentencing and punishment †¢ Law reform †¢ Young offenders †¢ Law reform in action Core Part II: The individual and the law †¢ International crime Core Part II: Human rights †¢ Your rights and responsibilities †¢ The nature and development of human rights †¢ Resolving disputes †¢ Promoting and enforcing human rights †¢ Contemporary issue: the individual and technology Core 30% †¢ Contemporary issue Core Part III: Law in practice Core 30% Core 30% Part III: Options The Law in practice unit is designed to provide opportunities for students